What Is GHK-Cu?
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper complex first isolated from human plasma by Loren Pickart in 1973. The tripeptide glycine-histidine-lysine chelates a Cu²⁺ ion, forming a stable complex that interacts with a remarkably broad range of biological targets. Plasma concentrations of GHK-Cu decline significantly with age — from ~200 ng/mL at age 20 to ~80 ng/mL at age 60 — correlating with reduced tissue repair capacity.
Mechanisms of Action
GHK-Cu has been shown in research to:
- Stimulate collagen and elastin synthesis — upregulates genes encoding collagen types I, III, and IV in fibroblasts
- Antioxidant activity — suppresses iron-mediated lipid peroxidation and upregulates superoxide dismutase (SOD)
- Anti-inflammatory — downregulates TNF-α and IL-6 via NF-κB pathway modulation
- Wound healing — accelerates re-epithelialisation and angiogenesis in preclinical wound models
- Gene regulation — a 2012 microarray study found GHK-Cu modulates over 4,000 human genes, resetting many towards a younger expression profile
Key Research Findings
Double-blind clinical trials in cosmetic dermatology have demonstrated measurable improvements in skin density, firmness, and fine-line depth after topical GHK-Cu application over 12 weeks. Subcutaneous research models have explored systemic effects on tissue repair, nerve regeneration, and pulmonary fibrosis.
Research Notes
GHK-Cu is available for research use in lyophilised form. It is stable for extended periods when stored at −20°C and should be reconstituted with bacteriostatic water immediately prior to experimental use.
Related compounds: BPC-157, TB-500, Epithalon.